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Original Articles
- Temporal Relationship between Nystagmus and Perception during Bithermal Alternate Caloric Test
- Sooyoung Kim, Eun-Jin Kwon, Hyunjin Jo, Seong-Hae Jeong
- Res Vestib Sci. 2021;20(4):134-140. Published online December 15, 2021
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.21790/rvs.2021.20.4.134
- 2,451 View
- 90 Download
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Abstract
PDF - Objectives
During caloric irritation, the spinning/rotating sensation is predominant. However, there is no report on the temporal relationship between caloric nystagmus and perception.
Methods
Consecutive 57 participants underwent bithermal caloric test in the dizziness clinic of Chungnam National University Hospital from February 2018 to September 2018. For vestibular perception, we asked the subject to report feelings of rotation and/or linear sensation during each warm and cold water irrigation period. Besides routine caloric parameters, the duration of nystagmus and vestibular sensation were analyzed.
Results
In most participants, the caloric nystagmus preceded the vestibular sensation (79.6% in right warm, 83.3% in left warm, 88.5% in right cool, and 84.6% in left cool stimuli). The precedence of perception was observed in 5 normal persons and 15 patients with vestibular migraine (n=4), unilateral vestibulopathy (n=3), and Menière’s disease (n=2), multiple systemic atrophy (n=2), cerebellar ataxia (n=2), vertebrobasilar insufficiency (n=1), and post-earthquake dizziness (n=1). The mean latency between nystagmus and perception was 11.7 seconds. And the duration of nystagmus was longer than that of perception in all conditions. Non-spinning sensations during the caloric test were also observed in some participants (26.8% in right warm, 30.3% in left warm, 29.1% in right cool, and 24.1% in left cool stimuli).
Conclusions
During the bithemal alternate caloric test, various vestibular perception and temporal relationship between perception and nystagmus suggest the bithermal caloric stimulation does not reflect only the signal originating from the horizontal canal pathway. A further validation study is needed.
- Locus of Control and Dizziness: Mediation Effect of Self-Efficacy
- Yemo Jeong, Won Hwa Jin, Eun-Jin Kwon, In-Sun Kwon, Han Young Yu, Seong-Hae Jeong
- Res Vestib Sci. 2021;20(4):126-133. Published online December 15, 2021
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.21790/rvs.2021.20.4.126
- 2,610 View
- 82 Download
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Abstract
PDF
- Objectives
An attention to psychological aspects can clarify the understanding and management of patients with unresolved dizziness/vertigo. Thus, we study the locus of control and the mediation effect of self-efficacy for assessing the relationship between locus of control and dizziness/vertigo in a referral-based dizziness clinic.
Methods
We analyzed the dizziness-specific locus of control and self-efficacy using the modified questionnaire in 117 consecutive dizzy patients (34 males; age range, 20–74 years). In addition to the visual analogue scale-dizziness for evaluation of subjective dizziness, the following items were further evaluated; Korean Dizziness Handicap Inventory, Korean Beck Depression Inventory II, and Korean Beck Anxiety Inventory. According to the verification procedure proposed by Hayes, the mediation effect of self-efficacy verifies the relationship between the locus of control and dizziness through analysis.
Results
Except the scale of emotion such as anxiety and depression, sex, age, duration of illness, and diagnosis all did not significantly affect the dependent variables. Vestibular migraine (39.3%), vestibulopathy (15.4%), and dizziness associated with anxiety and depression (14.5%) were the most common diagnoses. On all scales, Cronbach’s α ranged from 0.72 to 0.94. In the direct effect, the internal locus of control had a tendency of aggravation of dizziness/vertigo, but in the indirect effect, the higher the internal locus of control, the higher the self-efficacy, and the higher the self-efficacy, the lower the dizziness.
Conclusions
In our study, we can assume that the locus of control can impart ambivalent effects on dizziness/vertigo. And the modulation of self-efficacy could be another treatment for patients with unresolved dizziness.
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